Arjuna's intellect hits a massive chronological roadblock. He looks at Krishna, his contemporary cousin and friend, and states a biological fact: Your birth (bhavato janma) is recent or 'aparam' (junior/later). However, the birth of the sun-god Vivasvan (janma vivasvataḥ) is 'param' (senior/ancient), occurring at the dawn of the universe. Therefore, Arjuna asks logically: How on earth am I supposed to understand or believe (katham etad vijānīyāṃ) that You instructed this science to him in the very beginning (tvam ādau proktavān iti)?