Krishna sets up the next section by applying the filter of the three gunas (modes of nature) to the components He just defined. He states that according to the analytical study of material nature (guṇa-saṅkhyāne), knowledge (jñānaṁ), action (karma), and the doer (kartā) are each divided strictly into three distinct categories (tridhaiva guṇa-bhedataḥ). He invites Arjuna to hear them as they actually are (yathāvac chṛṇu).