Krishna makes this formula universally applicable. He states that whatever action a person initiates (yat karma prārabhate naraḥ)—whether it is done through the physical body (śarīra), through speech (vāṅ), or purely within the mind (manobhir)—and whether that action is right and lawful (nyāyyaṁ) or wrong and unlawful (viparītaṁ), these five factors are always the fundamental causes (pañcaite tasya hetavaḥ).