Krishna acknowledges that there is a massive philosophical debate on this topic among great thinkers (manīṣiṇaḥ). One school of thought argues that absolutely all action (karma) is inherently flawed and full of faults (doṣa-vad), and therefore every action must be entirely given up (tyājyam). However, another school of sages firmly maintains that certain purifying actions—specifically sacrifice (yajña), charity (dāna), and penance (tapaḥ)—should never be abandoned (na tyājyam) under any circumstance.